Here in alphabetical order of anchorage are some cafés, restaurants, hotels and pubs that I personally like — either because of the good food and drink which need not necessarily be expensive, or the location, and usually but not always the feeling that there is someone in command, ideally the owner. Plus some which I have heard have good reputations. On reflection this is an amazing list given the (very out of date) reputation that Scotland is not a place for good food. Many of the restaurants take great pride in buying local and what a great selection there is from fish to the venison, and from langoustines to the raspberries.
But beware, some of these places do tend to come and go, ans some are closed on several days during the week. Check on their websites or telephone before setting forth in the dinghy in the pouring rain. And in the summer book ahead as they often get very full.
Achnacroish, Lismore: Isle of Lismore Café
Ardbeg, Islay: the distillery restaurant, lovely building too
Ardantrive Bay, Firth of Lorne: Waypoint Restaurant
Ardfern, Loch Craignish: Galley of Lorne for the real ale more than the food, the café across the road should be reopening soon
Ardminish Bay, Gigha: Boathouse Restaurant
Arinagour, Coll: the Coll Hotel, highly boatie friendly, and the village café
Asknish Bay, Loch Melfort: Loch Melfort Hotel
Bowmore, Islay: Lochside Hotel
Calgary Bay, West Mull: café in a great artistic setting
Canna: tea room/café
Craighouse, Jura: Jura Hotel, and the Antlers
Craignure, Sound of Mull: Craignure Inn, Arlene's coffee shop
Crinan, Firth of Lorne: the café, and Crinan Hotel
Dunstaffnage, Lower Loch Linnhe: Poppies
Eigg: Galmisdale Bay Café and Bar
Easdale, Firth of Lorne: Oyster Bar and Restaurant, Puffer Bar and Restaurant
Fearnach Bay, Loch Melfort: the Gunpowder Kitchen and Bar
Fionnphort, West Mull: Ninth Wave Restaurant
Fort William, Upper Loch Linnhe: The Crannog, and The Lime Tree
Inverie, North of Ardnamurchan: The Old Forge
Iona: Heritage Centre
Isle of Eriska, Loch Creran: Isle of Eriska Hotel, posh, very posh
Kentallen Bay, Lower Loch Linnhe: Holly Tree Hotel
Kilfinichen, West Mull: Tiroran House Hotel
Loch a'Choire, Lower Loch Linnhe: Boathouse Restaurant
Loch Aline, Sound of Mull: Whitehouse Restaurant
Loch Leven: Seafood Café
Little Horseshoe Bay, Firth of Lorne: Kerrera Tea Garden
Muck: Tearoom and Gallanach Lodge
Oban: Ee-Usk, Piazza, The Waterfront, Coast, Manor House Hotel, The Oban Inn
Poll an Dùnain, Loch Leven: Loch Leven Hotel
Port Appin, Lower loch Linnhe: Airds Hotel, and The Pierhouse
Port Charlotte Hotel, Islay
Puilladobrhain, Firth of Lorne: Tigh an Truish
Saulmore Bay, Lower Loch Linnhe: Oyster Inn
Scalasaig, Colonsay: Colonsay Hotel, and The Pantry
South Ballachulish, Loch Leven: The Laroch
Strontian, Loch Sunart: Kilcamb Lodge Hotel
Tayvallich, Loch Sween: the coffee shop and the Tayvallich Inn
Tobermory, Sound of Mull: The Mishnish, The Chip Van, An Tobar, and Café Fish
Ulva Ferry, West Mull: The Boathouse Café, lovely
Loch Tarbert, Kintyre: Starfish
Some other places which are further away from anchorages might be prepared to ferry you back and forwards provided you spend your money with them. Try phoning.
A suggested gastronomic cruise to hard to get to places without a boat: the Jura Hotel to the Whitehouse Restaurant at Loch Aline to the Coll Hotel and ending with the other Boat House on Ulva. No doubt you will also divert en route to the food and drink delights of Tobermory — Café Fish in particular.
A more up market cruise north from Oban and back for the serious foodie: the Waterfront in Oban to the Pier House at Port Appin to the Loch Leven Seafood Café to Crannog at Fort William to Airds Hotel at Port Appin and back to Oban and Ee-Usk!